Challenges of Hybrid Policing in Countering Online Fraud Networks: A Case Study from Sidrap Regency
Abstract
This research aims to examine the concept of hybrid policing in the context of crime prevention, specifically cyber fraud in Sidrap Regency. This research uses an empirical legal research method. All collected data is then qualitatively analyzed to describe the problem and answer the research objectives. The results show that the characteristics of cyber fraud in Sidrap Regency exhibit anonymity and disregard for geographical boundaries, with the primary motivation of the perpetrators being personal gain. They employ fake identities and compromised devices to execute their schemes, exacerbated by technological advancements, the public’s lack of awareness, and existing regulatory gaps. Therefore, it is recommended that the POLRI renew and adapt their policing model to be more responsive to the dynamics of cybercrime by implementing a hybrid policing approach. This involves active collaboration with community organizations in prevention efforts, which are expected to increase public awareness and strengthen the cyber security network. Additionally, developing an effective knowledge management system is advised, facilitating the exchange of information and strategies for handling cybercrime cases more efficiently. For researchers, it is crucial to examine further the social and psychological impacts of cybercrime on victims, which can contribute to forming a theoretical and practical foundation for a more holistic and victim-oriented approach to preventing and handling cybercrime in Sidrap Regency.
References
Alvara Research Center. (2020, December). 20|21: Tahun yang Mengubah Arah Peradaban Manusia (Catatan Akhir Tahun). https://alvara-strategic.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Catatan-Akhir-Tahun-Alvara-2020.pdf
Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. (2023). Hasil Survei Internet APJII 2023. https://survei.apjii.or.id/survei/2023
Broadhurst, R., & Le, V. K. (2013). Transnational Organized Crime in East and South East Asia. In A. T. H. Tan (Ed.), East and South-East Asia: International Relations and Security Perspectives (pp. 223-235). Routledge.
Cornish, D. B., & Clarke, R. V. (1986). The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending. Springer-Verlag.
Cross, C. (2022). Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deepfakes to Deceive Victims: The Need to Rethink Current Romance Fraud Prevention Messaging. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 24(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41300-021-00134-w
Fitra, K. S. (2022, December 12). Kerugian Akibat Kejahatan Siber di Dunia Tembus Rp129.643 Triliun. Bisnis.com. Retrieved October 15, 2023, from https://teknologi.bisnis.com/read/20221212/84/1607768/kerugian-akibat-kejahatan-siber-di-dunia-tembus-rp129643-triliun
Fonseca, C., Moreira, S., & Guedes, I. (2022). Online Consumer Fraud Victimization and Reporting: A Quantitative Study of the Predictors and Motives. Victims & Offenders, 17(5), 756-780. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2021.2015031
Givens, A. D. (2023). New Knowledge, Better Decisions: Promoting Effective Policymaking through Cybercrime Analysis. International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime, 6(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.52306/2578-3289.1153
Haggerty, K. D., & Ericson, R. V. (2000). The Surveillant Assemblage. The British Journal of Sociology, 51(4), 605-622. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071310020015280
Huang, W., & Wang, S.-Y. K. (2009). Emerging Cybercrime Variants in the Socio-Technical Space. In B. Whitworth & A. d. Moor (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Socio-Technical Design and Social Networking Systems (pp. 195-208). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-264-0.ch014
Husen, L. O., Salle, S., Syalman, A. A., & Muzakkir, A. K. (2020). Pengamanan Intelijen Kepolisian Terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Atas Objek Sengketa. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 1(2), 136-148. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v1i2.62
Indonesian Cyber Patrol. (2024, March). Jumlah Laporan Polisi Yang Dibuat Masyarakat. https://patrolisiber.id/statistic
Ingarasi, P., & Suwigno, N. P. (2022). The Benefits of Registered Trademark for MSME Actors in Surakarta City: A Case Study of IPR Protection. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 233-246. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i2.187
Irwansyah. (2020). Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel. Mirra Buana Media.
Jones, T., & Newburn, T. (Eds.). (2006). Plural Policing: A Comparative Perspective. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203001790
Kaiser, A. J., & Leeson, P. T. (2023). Why Rational Choice? Reconciling Kornai with Rational Choice Theory. Acta Oeconomica, 73(S1), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1556/032.2023.00034
Kerr, I. R., & Gilbert, D. (2004). The Role of ISPs in the Investigation of Cybercrime. In T. Mendina & J. Brtiz (Eds.), Information Ethics in an Electronic Age: Current Issues in Africa and The World (pp. 163-172). McFarland Press. https://ssrn.com/abstract=907483
Laksana, C. D. (2003). Pemolisian Komuniti (Community Policing) dalam Menciptakan Keamanan dan Ketertiban Masyarakat. Jurnal Polisi Indonesia, 4(5), 6-25.
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1999 Number 22, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3821). https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/409
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2008 Number 58, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4843). https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/138
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2016 on Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2016 Number 251, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5952). https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/1683
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2024 on the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2024 Number 1, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6905). https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/1842
Levi, M., & Williams, M. L. (2013). Multi-Agency Partnerships in Cybercrime Reduction: Mapping the UK Information Assurance Network Cooperation Space. Information Management & Computer Security, 21(5), 420-443. https://doi.org/10.1108/imcs-04-2013-0027
Matthies, C. F., Keller, K. M., & Lim, N. (2012). Identifying Barriers to Diversity in Law Enforcement Agencies. RAND Corporation. https://doi.org/10.7249/OP370
Ministry of Communications and Informatics of the Republic of Indonesia. (2015, 10 April). Indonesia Peringkat ke-2 Dunia Kasus Kejahatan Siber. https://www.kominfo.go.id/index.php/content/detail/4698/Indonesia-Peringkat-ke-2-Dunia-Kasus-Kejahatan-Siber/0/sorotan_media
Mohit, S. G. (2022). Significance of Cyber Security in Cyber World. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, 2(9), 49-53. https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-5193
Morrison, G. R., Ross, S. M., Kemp, J. E., & Kalman, H. (2010). Designing Effective Instruction (Sixth Edition). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Oktana, R., Akub, S., & Maskun, M. (2023). Social Media in the Process of Evidence of Electronic Information and Transaction Crimes. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 320-331. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i2.252
Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 95 of 2018 on the Electronic-Based Government System (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2018 Number 182). https://peraturan.go.id/id/perpres-no-95-tahun-2018
Prince, C., Omrani, N., & Schiavone, F. (2024). Online Privacy Literacy and Users’ Information Privacy Empowerment: The Case of GDPR in Europe. Information Technology & People, 37(8), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/itp-05-2023-0467
Pusat Informasi Kriminal Nasional Bareskrim Polri. (2023, 25 September). Kejahatan Siber di Indonesia Naik Berkali-kali Lipat. https://pusiknas.polri.go.id/detail_artikel/kejahatan_siber_di_indonesia_naik_berkali-kali_lipat
Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn).
Rane, N. L. (2023). Integrating Leading-Edge Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data Technologies for Smart and Sustainable Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry: Challenges and Future Directions. International Journal of Data Science and Big Data Analytics, 3(2), 73-95. https://doi.org/10.51483/ijdsbda.3.2.2023.73-95
Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2012 on the Adjustment of Petty Crime Limits and the Amount of Fines in the Penal Code. https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/legal-product/perma-nomor-2-tahun-2012/detail
Sampara, S., & Husen, L. O. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Kretakupa Print.
Septiani, L. (2023, February 24). Kominfo Catatkan 1.730 Kasus Penipuan Online, Kerugian Ratusan Triliun. Katadata.co.id. Retrieved October 15, 2023, from https://katadata.co.id/digital/teknologi/63f8a599de801/kominfo-catatkan-1730-kasus-penipuan-online-kerugian-ratusan-triliun
Solim, J., Rumapea, M. S., Wijaya, A., Manurung, B. M., & Lionggodinata, W. (2019). Upaya Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Penipuan Situs Jual Beli Online di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, 14(1), 96-109. https://doi.org/10.33059/jhsk.v14i1.1157
Spaulding, C. B. (1948). Cliques, Gangs and Networks. Sociology and Social Research, 32, 928-937.
Trocki, C. A. (1987). The Rise of Singapore’s Great Opium Syndicate, 1840-86. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 18(1), 58-80. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463400001259
Vold, G. B. (1979). Theoretical Criminology. Oxford University Press.
Wall, D. S., & Williams, M. (2007). Policing Diversity in the Digital Age: Maintaining Order in Virtual Communities. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 7(4), 391-415. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895807082064
Widagso, K., & Hariyani, O. S. (2016). Hybrid Policing as an Alternative Model of Policing Against Cybercrime in the Information Society. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 13(4), 577-597. https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol13.4.670
Yaacoub, J.-P. A., Noura, H. N., Salman, O., & Chehab, A. (2023). Ethical Hacking for IoT: Security Issues, Challenges, Solutions and Recommendations. Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, 3, 280-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2023.04.002
Zainuddin, Z., & Salle, S. (2022). The Legal Awareness of Juveniles in Archipelagic Areas Using Social Media. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 3(2), 163-173. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v3i2.177
Zhao, J. J., & Zhao, S. Y. (2010). Opportunities and Threats: A Security Assessment of State E-Government Websites. Government Information Quarterly, 27(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2009.07.004
Zhong, L. Y., & Grabosky, P. N. (2009). The Pluralization of Policing and the Rise of Private Policing in China. Crime, Law and Social Change, 52, 433-455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-009-9205-1
Copyright (c) 2024 I. G. N. Adi Suarmita, Hadi Purnomo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.