Kejahatan Siber Ancaman Nyata di Era Digial Indonesia

Abstract

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan hukum positif Indonesia dalam menanggulangi kejahatan siber di era digitalisasi serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berperan dalam upaya antisipatif dari perspektif kriminologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum yang dianalisis meliputi bahan hukum primer berupa Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik beserta perubahannya, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi, serta peraturan terkait keamanan siber; bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku dan jurnal ilmiah; serta bahan hukum tersier sebagai pendukung. Pengumpulan bahan hukum dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menafsirkan norma hukum dan teori kriminologi yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan hukum positif Indonesia dalam penanggulangan kejahatan siber telah berkembang secara komprehensif melalui kombinasi hukum pidana umum, hukum pidana khusus, regulasi administratif, serta penguatan kelembagaan seperti peran Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara. Selain itu, pendekatan kebijakan kriminal tidak hanya bersifat represif, tetapi juga preventif melalui kewajiban pengamanan sistem elektronik, perlindungan data pribadi, dan pelaporan insiden siber. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas antisipasi kejahatan siber meliputi kualitas regulasi, kapasitas aparat penegak hukum, infrastruktur teknologi, kerja sama nasional dan internasional, literasi digital masyarakat, serta tanggung jawab sektor swasta. Rekomendasi penelitian ini menekankan perlunya penguatan harmonisasi kebijakan hukum siber dalam sistem hukum pidana nasional melalui pendekatan preventif, edukatif, dan teknologi-adaptif tanpa mengesampingkan prinsip perlindungan hak asasi manusia, kepastian hukum, proporsionalitas sanksi, serta keadilan sosial di ruang digital.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze Indonesia's positive legal regulations in dealing with cybercrime in the digitalization era and to identify factors that play a role in anticipatory efforts from a criminology perspective. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The legal materials analyzed include primary legal materials in the form of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and its amendments, the Criminal Code, the Personal Data Protection Law, and regulations related to cybersecurity; secondary legal materials in the form of books and scientific journals; and tertiary legal materials as supporting materials. The legal materials were collected through a literature study, then analyzed qualitatively by interpreting relevant legal norms and criminological theories. The research

results show that Indonesia's positive legal arrangements for combating cybercrime have developed comprehensively through a combination of general criminal law, special criminal law, administrative regulations, and institutional strengthening, such as the role of the National Cyber and Crypto Agency. Furthermore, the criminal policy approach is not only repressive but also preventive, through mandatory security of electronic systems, personal data protection, and reporting of cyber incidents. Factors influencing the effectiveness of cybercrime prevention include regulatory quality, law enforcement capacity, technological infrastructure, national and international cooperation, public digital literacy, and private sector responsibility. This research recommendation emphasizes the need to strengthen the harmonization of cyber law policies within the national criminal justice system through a preventive, educational, and technology-adaptive approach, without neglecting the principles of human rights protection, legal certainty, proportional sanctions, and social justice in the digital space.